The complete mitochondrial genomes of aphids aphis fabae mordvilkoi, a. Biocontrol of cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch using. Dedicated to bringing information technology to the business processes and operations of aphis. Mrp it provides information technology planning, design, application development, systems administration, telecommunications, security, and information management and customer support services for aphis.
Aphis craccivora was found to be more dominant than a. Fungalbased biopesticides offer a better option because they are environment and consumerfriendly. This study assessed the combined effect of metarhizium anisopliae icipe. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch ilse schreiner, ph. Pdf morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis. Aphis craccivora initially infests cowpea seedlings, but as this plant develops, it may infest flowers and pods berberet et al. Aphididae are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. Aphis in the aphid species file database, accessed on 07012014.
In general, this pest causes severe damage to beans in warm weather, especially in mediumrainfall areas of the region. Aphis craccivora, crop pest, entomopathogenic fungi, median lethal concentration introduction cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch is a threat to cowpea growers in all over the country. Aphis craccivora fabaceae senna gaudichaudii kolomona, kalamona, uhiuhi m aphis craccivora fabaceae vigna marina mohihihi, nanea, pulihilihi h aphis craccivora malvaceae sida fallax ilima h. Within a few days, nymphs mature into reproductive adults and. Aphis is a genus of insects in the family aphididae containing at least 600 species of aphids. The aphids, either apterous or alate, are always parthenogenetic viviparous females. Proceedings of biology of the academy of sciences of tajik ssr 454. Appears in 9 books from 19741996 page 273 havenstein, and pa moore 1974b the ecology of aphis craccivora koch and subterranean clover stunt virus in southeast australia. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
In many of these crops there is no natural genetic resistance to this sapsucking insect or resistance genes have been overcome by newly emerged cpa biotypes. Abundance of coccinellid predators in some varieties of cowpea, vigna unguiculata l. Two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. Invasive aphids attack native hawaiian plants russell h. Nostoc calcicola extract improved the antioxidative. Aphis craccivora and aphis fabae were found to infest broad bean in egypt. The production is, however, greatly hampered by severe infestation and damage by insect pests including the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Crop science abstract inheritance of resistance to aphid. Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid identification, images. Aphididae on cowpeavigna unguiculata, fabaceae article pdf available in acta biologica colombiana.
Coccinellidae, when fed on the aphid species, aphis craccivora koch, reared on four host plants, viz. This page contains pictures and information about cowpea aphids that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia. Integrated management of aphis craccivora in cowpea using. While adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. Control of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. The number of generations per year was determined, as well the lifespan of a generation and fecundity of the females. The green peach aphid, myzus persicae, is a vector for more than 110 plant viruses. During the spring season on the hibiscus plants in our backyard, we find this aphid. Cotton aphids aphis gossypii often infect sugarcane, papaya and peanuts with viruses. Fully revised and updated, this new edition of aphids on the worlds crops is the only publication to provide nonspecialist workers wherever they are in the world, with an identification guide and an information source on one of the main groups of agriculturally important insects. Varietal resistance of cowpea to cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch.
The results of preliminary bioassays showed that the target compounds possessed good activities against tetranychus cinnabarinus, plutella xylostella, and aphis. Genetic differentiating aphis fabae and aphis craccivora. The bionomy and ecology of aphis craccivora on robinia pseudoacacia was studied. In plants which produce the phytoestrogen coumestrol, such as alfalfa, damage by aphids is linked with higher concentrations of coumestrol. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid aphis craccivora on faba bean vicia faba cultivars. Cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, a serious insect pest in legume agriculture, is reported on all continents except the antarctic pettersson et al. Cowpea aphid, black legume aphid, groundnut aphid distribution. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. The effect of pod growth stages in cowpea on aphid. Invertebrate microbiology worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts cristina m. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid ncbi. Aphis craccivora is a vector of several viruses including broad bean mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and groundnut rosette virus. The cowpea aphid aphis craccivora can be an important pest on lima bean phaseolus lunatus l.
More than 30 species of hymenopterous parasitoids attack the eggs, larvae, and pupae of aproaerema modicella on groundnut and soyabean. Walpers, is a major dietary staple in tropical africa where it is most often cultivated. Cowpea, vigna unguiculata was infested at the young, mid. Maintenance of aphis craccivora culture on cowpea plants. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of. Both nymphs and adults suck plant sap and cause serious damage right from the seedling to pod bearing stage. Aphid colony, body length 12mm this aphid is known as cowpea aphids or cow pea aphids. Use of pesticides in intercrop leads to health and environmental risks.
The damage and bionomics of the aphid are briefly introduced. Eggs develop within the mother and nymphs are born live. A onestep realtime rtpcr assay for the detection and. Its feeding causes leaf shriveling and bud deformation and as the population increases, plant infested become weaked due to loss of sap and toxins injected silva et al. Nymphs dull greyish, lightly powdered biology it lives throughout the year without producing sexual forms. The latest information on the biology and distribution of both major and minor. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties.
Nam dan is one of the most valuable crops in agricultural production in nghe an province vietnam. It causes direct damage by feeding on the plants and also transmits viruses. Worldwide in distribution, but particularly common in warm temperate and tropical regions. Our previous study revealed that extract of the cyanobacterium strain nostoc calcicola hn9 expressed positive effect on growth and development, and raised soybean productivity tran et al. The biology of resistance to cpa in sa30199 plants was. Spread of groundnut rosette virus by aphis craccivora. Biology of groundnut aphid, aphis craccivora koch on cowpea, vigna unguiculata linnaeus walpers. It has been known for many years1 that close spacing of groundnuts, arachis hypogaea l. Aphis craccivora, variously known as the cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid or black legume. Several sources of resistance to cowpea aphid have been identified and efforts are underway to develop aphid.
Cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, is a major cowpea pest. Polyphagous, with a preference for legumes economic importance. Facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. External anatomy and life cycle of aphis nasturtii. The performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. This aphid known as cowpea aphids or cow pea aphids. Knowing the life cycle of aphis nasturtii can be essential to effective control measures. Cowpeacereal intercrop alone does not effectively manage the pest. The female has a glossy black or dark brown body with a prominent cauda taillike protrusion, and legs in some shade of brown or yellow.
Morphtaxonomic analyses of 2009 aphid collections were carried out and the aphid was identified as aphis craccivora koch commonly called cowpea aphid. It is a major economic pest of groundnut and cowpea, particularly in the tropics, and a significant pest of. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora family aphididae this page contains pictures and information about cowpea aphids that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora hemiptera. Highest aphid densities were developed in the susceptible varieties. Aphis species hemiptera, aphididae living on mulinum apiaceae in south america, with a description of a new species. It is a polyphagous species, with a marked preference for herbaceous leguminoseae. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid. Aphididae on cowpeavigna unguiculata, fabaceae this research describes the population and biological parameters of the black aphid aphis craccivora koch on cowpea bean vigna unguiculata l. Methods the research has been carried out for a period of six years. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and also causes significant yield losses in other legume crops including alfalfa, beans, chickpea, lentils, lupins and peanuts.
Inheritance of resistance to aphid in cowpea1 bata. It includes many notorious agricultural pests, such as the soybean aphid aphis glycines. Here, we established a protocol of a onestep realtime quantitative reverse transcription pcr realtime qrtpcr using the taqman probe for the detection of scsmv in sugarcane. Mutualism between the bean aphids aphis craccivora koch and ants. Sugarcane mosaic disease is caused by the sugarcane streak mosaic virus scsmv. The behavior of aphis gossypii and aphis craccivora. See subspecies craccivora for additional information.
It is one of the commonest aphid species in the tropics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different genotypes of lima bean on the biology of a. The main species of aphids attacking beans are aphis fabae scopoli and aphis craccivora koch. This aphid species is a pest of a wide range of legume species, including yardlong bean vigna unguiculata l. Aphis craccivora a polyphagous aphid species with a preference for fabaceae. Life table and population parameters of cowpea aphid, aphis. The reproductive and demographic attributes of the aphidophagous ladybird, hippodamia variegata goeze coleoptera. Conservation biological control practices intechopen. Aphis coordinates these responsibilities along with the other designated federal agencies as part of the federal coordinated framework for the regulation. North carolina agricultural experiment station technical bulletin 255.
The biology of aphis nasturtii was observed for four years. Pdf identification and characterization of resistance to cowpea. Description adult females are black, the apterae dorsally shiny. New 1,3,5trimethylpyrazolecontaining malonamide derivatives based on pyflubumide were designed, synthesized, and characterized using 1hnmr, cnmr, and highresolution mass spectra hrms.
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